Figures and Data (best viewed on desktop)

Use filter on the top right to customize the Population, Exposure, and Health Outcomes.
(Below are preselected samples)

Cardiovascular disease

Author	Chemical Group	Exposure	Analysis Category	Subgroup Detail	Biological Sex	Age Groups	Special Exposure Risk	Exposure Timing	Sample Bio-Matrix	Effect Estimate Type	Effect Size	Confidence Interval Low	Confidence Interval High	Exposure Outcome	Number Of Studies	Number Of Participants
Dunder et al., (2023)	PFAS	PFOA	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Plasma	RR	0.8	0.66	0.94	Unspecified	5	Unspecified
Fu et al., (2020)	Phthalates	MBzP	Exposure subgroup	Specific chemical exposure	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.19	0.93	1.51	Highest vs lowest	4	9261
Fu et al., (2020)	Phthalates	MECPP	Exposure subgroup	Specific chemical exposure	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.15	0.94	1.41	Highest vs lowest	4	9261
Fu et al., (2020)	Phthalates	MEHHP	Exposure subgroup	Specific chemical exposure	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.08	0.95	1.23	Highest vs lowest	4	9261
Fu et al., (2020)	Phthalates	MEHP	Exposure subgroup	Specific chemical exposure	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.05	0.97	1.13	Highest vs lowest	4	9261
Fu et al., (2020)	Phthalates	MEOHP	Exposure subgroup	Specific chemical exposure	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.09	0.93	1.26	Highest vs lowest	4	9261
Fu et al., (2020)	Phthalates	MEP	Exposure subgroup	Specific chemical exposure	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.15	0.99	1.34	Highest vs lowest	4	9261
Fu et al., (2020)	Phthalates	MiBP	Exposure subgroup	Specific chemical exposure	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.18	0.99	1.38	Highest vs lowest	4	9261
Fu et al., (2020)	Phthalates	MnBP	Exposure subgroup	Specific chemical exposure	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.02	0.78	1.32	Highest vs lowest	4	9261
Fu et al., (2020)	PCBs	PCB 180	Exposure subgroup	Specific chemical exposure	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma_Fat	OR	1.19	0.98	1.45	Highest vs lowest	9	14735
Fu et al., (2020)	PCBs	Total PCBs	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma_Fat	OR	1.32	0.97	1.78	Highest vs lowest	4	8826
Fu et al., (2020)	Bisphenols	BPA	Main analysis		Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.19	1.03	1.37	Highest vs lowest	10	23953
Moon et al., (2021)	Bisphenols	BPA	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Urine	OR	1.16	1.06	1.26	per ln unit exposure increase	14	22878
Moon et al., (2021)	Bisphenols	BPA	Main analysis	Adjusted confounders	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Urine	OR	1.13	1.03	1.23	per ln unit exposure increase	14	20286
Liu J et al., (2025)	PCBs	Non Dioxin-like PCBs	Exposure subgroup	NDL PCBs	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma_Adipose tissue	OR	1.33	1.15	1.53	Unspecified	4	3450
Fu et al., (2020)	PCBs	PCB 138	Exposure subgroup	Specific chemical exposure	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma_Fat	OR	1.35	1.1	1.66	Highest vs lowest	7	13409
Fu et al., (2020)	PCBs	PCB 153	Exposure subgroup	Specific chemical exposure	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma_Fat	OR	1.35	1.13	1.62	Highest vs lowest	10	49326
Liu J et al., (2025)	PCBs	Total PCBs	Main analysis		Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma_Adipose tissue	OR	1.56	1.28	1.9	Unspecified	11	130363

Obesity

Author	Chemical Group	Exposure	Analysis Category	Subgroup Detail	Biological Sex	Age Groups	Special Exposure Risk	Exposure Timing	Sample Bio-Matrix	Effect Estimate Type	Effect Size	Confidence Interval Low	Confidence Interval High	Exposure Outcome	Number Of Studies	Number Of Participants
Wu et al., (2023)	Phthalates	MBzP	Age subgroup	Adults	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.15	0.97	1.36	Unspecified	8	Unspecified
Ribeiro et al., (2019)	Phthalates	MEHP	Age subgroup	Adults	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Unspecified	OR	0.91	0.66	1.27	Per 1 unit exposure increase	3	Unspecified
Wu et al., (2023)	Phthalates	MEHP	Age subgroup	Adults	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.15	0.92	1.45	Unspecified	5	Unspecified
Wu et al., (2023)	Phthalates	MEOHP	Age subgroup	Adults	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.25	0.95	1.65	Unspecified	7	Unspecified
Ribeiro et al., (2019)	Phthalates	MEP	Age subgroup	Adults	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Unspecified	OR	1.22	0.94	1.5	Per 1 unit exposure increase	4	Unspecified
Wu et al., (2023)	Phthalates	MEP	Age subgroup	Adults	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.18	0.84	1.65	Unspecified	6	Unspecified
Wu et al., (2023)	Phthalates	MiBP	Age subgroup	Adults	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.28	0.93	1.77	Unspecified	4	Unspecified
Mohd Efendy Goon et al., (2024)	PCBs	Total PCBs	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Blood	OR	1.875	0.883	3.979	Unspecified	3	1079
Wu et al., (2023)	Phthalates	sumDEHP	Age subgroup	Adults	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.45	0.9987	2.0959	Unspecified	5	Unspecified
Ribeiro et al., (2020)	Bisphenols	BPA	Main analysis		Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.57	1.35	1.83	Unspecified	5	12749
Ribeiro et al., (2020)	Bisphenols	BPA	Age subgroup	Adults	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.503	1.273	1.774	Unspecified	4	9379
Rancière et al., (2015)	Bisphenols	BPA	Main analysis		Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.67	1.41	1.98	Highest vs lowest	3	10727
Rancière et al., (2015)	Bisphenols	BPA	Age subgroup	Adults only	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.6	1.32	1.93	Highest vs lowest	2	7357
Wu et al., (2023)	Phthalates	MCOP	Age subgroup	Adults	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.88	1.49	2.37	Unspecified	3	Unspecified
Ribeiro et al., (2019)	Phthalates	MECPP	Age subgroup	Adults	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Unspecified	OR	1.67	1.3	2.16	Per 1 unit exposure increase	3	Unspecified
Wu et al., (2023)	Phthalates	MECPP	Age subgroup	Adults	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.39	1.07	1.81	Unspecified	8	Unspecified
Wu et al., (2023)	Phthalates	MEHHP	Age subgroup	Adults	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.35	1.04	1.75	Unspecified	7	Unspecified

Type 2 Diabetes

Author	Chemical Group	Exposure	Analysis Category	Subgroup Detail	Biological Sex	Age Groups	Special Exposure Risk	Exposure Timing	Sample Bio-Matrix	Effect Estimate Type	Effect Size	Confidence Interval Low	Confidence Interval High	Exposure Outcome	Number Of Studies	Number Of Participants
Gui et al., (2023)	PFAS	PFDA	Exposure subgroup	Case-control studies_Cross-sectional studies_Highest vs lowest	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma	OR	0.55	0.33	0.94	Highest vs lowest	5	Unspecified
Wang et al., (2025)	PFAS	PFDA	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Plasma	OR	0.83	0.74	0.93	Unspecified	4	2745
Wang et al., (2025)	PFAS	PFUnDA	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Plasma	OR	0.33	0.15	0.72	Unspecified	5	2746
Hwang et al., (2018)	Bisphenols	BPA	Main analysis	Fixed effects	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Urine	OR	1.01	1	1.02	Unspecified	16	41320
Zhang et al., (2022)	Phthalates	MBzP	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.29	0.89	1.88	Unspecified	7	10629
Zhang et al., (2022)	Phthalates	MEHP	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Urine	OR	1.54	0.81	2.95	Unspecified	6	6014
Song et al., (2016)	Phthalates	MEP	Exposure subgroup	Specific chemical exposure	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	RR	1.39	0.55	3.48	Highest vs lowest	Unspecified	Unspecified
Zhang et al., (2022)	Phthalates	MEP	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Urine	OR	1.11	0.86	1.44	Unspecified	7	8364
Wu et al., (2013)	PCBs	PCB 118	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma	OR	1.2	0.73	1.96	Highest vs lowest	5	2471
Wu et al., (2013)	PCBs	PCB 138	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma	OR	1.36	0.69	2.68	Highest vs lowest	3	1820
Wu et al., (2013)	PCBs	PCB 153	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma	OR	1.06	0.79	1.42	Highest vs lowest	5	2742
Wu et al., (2013)	PCBs	PCB 180	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma	OR	1.46	0.77	2.77	Highest vs lowest	4	2000
Wang et al., (2025)	PFAS	PFHpA	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Plasma	OR	1.03	0.79	1.34	Unspecified	3	1927
Gui et al., (2023)	PFAS	PFHxS	Exposure subgroup	Case-control studies_Cross-sectional studies_Highest vs lowest	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma	OR	0.89	0.47	1.7	Highest vs lowest	7	Unspecified
Wang et al., (2025)	PFAS	PFHxS	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Plasma	OR	1.06	0.92	1.22	Unspecified	7	8387
Gui et al., (2023)	PFAS	PFNA	Exposure subgroup	Case-control studies_Cross-sectional studies_Highest vs lowest	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma	OR	0.79	0.49	1.27	Highest vs lowest	8	Unspecified
Wang et al., (2025)	PFAS	PFNA	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Plasma	OR	0.76	0.57	1.01	Unspecified	7	5569
Gui et al., (2023)	PFAS	PFOA	Main analysis	Cohort studies_Highest vs lowest	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma	RR	1.25	0.85	1.85	Highest vs lowest	3	65745
Gui et al., (2023)	PFAS	PFOA	Exposure subgroup	Case-control studies_Cross-sectional studies_Highest vs lowest	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma	RR	0.66	0.36	1.2	Highest vs lowest	9	Unspecified
Wang et al., (2025)	PFAS	PFOA	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Plasma	OR	0.78	0.56	1.08	Unspecified	8	7821
Gui et al., (2023)	PFAS	PFOS	Exposure subgroup	Case-control studies_Cross-sectional studies_Highest vs lowest	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma	OR	0.87	0.46	1.66	Highest vs lowest	8	Unspecified
Wang et al., (2025)	PFAS	PFOS	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Plasma	OR	0.99	0.79	1.25	Unspecified	8	8042
Gui et al., (2023)	PFAS	PFUnDA	Exposure subgroup	Case-control studies_Cross-sectional studies_Highest vs lowest	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma	OR	0.57	0.18	1.77	Highest vs lowest	3	Unspecified
Song et al., (2016)	PCBs	Total PCBs	Sex subgroup	Male	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum	RR	1.73	0.8	3.75	Highest vs lowest	5	2339
Song et al., (2016)	Phthalates	Total Phthalates	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	RR	1.48	0.98	2.25	Highest vs lowest	4	5307
Hwang et al., (2018)	Bisphenols	BPA	Main analysis	Random effects	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Urine	OR	1.28	1.14	1.44	Unspecified	16	41320
Rancière et al., (2015)	Bisphenols	BPA	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.47	1.21	1.8	Highest vs lowest	3	9291
Song et al., (2016)	Bisphenols	BPA	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	RR	1.45	1.13	1.87	Highest vs lowest	5	10541
Song et al., (2016)	Bisphenols	BPA	Statistical subgroup	Dose-response analysis	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	RR	1.09	1.03	1.15	Highest vs lowest	5	Unspecified
Gui et al., (2023)	PFAS	EtFOSAA	Main analysis	Cohort studies_Per ln unit exposure increase	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma	RR	1.69	1.14	2.49	per ln unit exposure increase	3	3151
Zhang et al., (2022)	Phthalates	MCPP	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	2.39	1.18	4.85	Unspecified	5	10629
Zhang et al., (2022)	Phthalates	MECPP	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.55	1.1	2.2	Unspecified	7	8779
Zhang et al., (2022)	Phthalates	MEHHP	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.99	1.52	2.61	Unspecified	7	8779
Zhang et al., (2022)	Phthalates	MEOHP	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.9	1.4	2.57	Unspecified	7	8779
Zhang et al., (2022)	Phthalates	MMP	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Urine	OR	3.11	1.16	8.37	Unspecified	3	3846
Gui et al., (2023)	PFAS	MeFOSAA	Main analysis	Cohort studies_Per ln unit exposure increase	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma	RR	1.69	1.14	2.49	per ln unit exposure increase	3	3151
Song et al., (2016)	Phthalates	MiBP	Exposure subgroup	Specific chemical exposure	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	RR	1.9	1.17	3.09	Highest vs lowest	Unspecified	Unspecified
Zhang et al., (2022)	Phthalates	MiBP	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Urine	OR	2.59	1.1	6.1	Unspecified	6	7571
Zhang et al., (2022)	Phthalates	MnBP	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	1.43	1.08	1.91	Unspecified	7	10336
Gui et al., (2023)	PFAS	PFHxS	Main analysis	Cohort studies_Per ln unit exposure increase	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma	RR	1.59	1.19	2.13	per ln unit exposure increase	3	3151
Gui et al., (2023)	PFAS	PFNA	Main analysis	Cohort studies_Per ln unit exposure increase	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma	RR	1.51	1.28	1.78	per ln unit exposure increase	3	3151
Gui et al., (2023)	PFAS	PFOA	Main analysis	Cohort studies_Per ln unit exposure increase	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma	RR	1.51	1.09	2.1	per ln unit exposure increase	4	35405
Gui et al., (2023)	PFAS	PFOS	Main analysis	Cohort studies_Per ln unit exposure increase	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma	RR	1.4	1.15	1.69	per ln unit exposure increase	3	3151
Song et al., (2016)	PCBs	Total PCBs	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum	RR	2.39	1.86	3.08	Highest vs lowest	21	21530
Song et al., (2016)	PCBs	Total PCBs	Sex subgroup	Female	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum	RR	2.65	1.57	4.48	Highest vs lowest	9	6301
Wu et al., (2013)	PCBs	Total PCBs	Main analysis	All studies	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma	OR	1.7	1.28	2.27	Highest vs lowest	8	4053
Wu et al., (2013)	PCBs	Total PCBs	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum_Plasma	OR	2.05	1.41	2.98	Highest vs lowest	7	3675
Zhang et al., (2022)	Phthalates	sumDEHP	Main analysis		Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	OR	2.15	1.48	3.13	Unspecified	8	11129

Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)

Author	Chemical Group	Exposure	Analysis Category	Subgroup Detail	Biological Sex	Age Groups	Special Exposure Risk	Exposure Timing	Sample Bio-Matrix	Effect Estimate Type	Effect Size	Confidence Interval Low	Confidence Interval High	Exposure Outcome	Number Of Studies	Number Of Participants
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MBzP	Age subgroup	Adults	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.152	-0.068	0.372	Unspecified	3	Unspecified
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MCPP	Age subgroup	Adolescents	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.133	-0.012	0.278	Unspecified	3	Unspecified
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MECPP	Main analysis		Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.038	-0.198	0.274	Unspecified	3	1422
Shoshtari-Yeganeh et al., (2019)	Phthalates	MEHHP	Exposure subgroup	Specific chemical exposure	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Unspecified	z-score	0.09	-0.01	0.18	Unspecified	Unspecified	Unspecified
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MEHHP	Age subgroup	Adults	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.486	-0.076	1.048	Unspecified	2	Unspecified
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MEHP	Age subgroup	Adults	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.141	-0.024	0.305	Unspecified	4	Unspecified
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MEOHP	Age subgroup	Adults	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.101	-0.098	0.301	Unspecified	2	Unspecified
Shoshtari-Yeganeh et al., (2019)	Phthalates	MEP	Exposure subgroup	Specific chemical exposure	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Unspecified	z-score	0.02	-0.04	0.08	Unspecified	Unspecified	Unspecified
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MEP	Main analysis		Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.057	-0.017	0.132	Unspecified	10	11610
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MEP	Age subgroup	Adolescents	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.022	-0.067	0.112	Unspecified	4	Unspecified
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MEP	Age subgroup	Adults	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.037	-0.039	0.113	Unspecified	5	Unspecified
Shoshtari-Yeganeh et al., (2019)	Phthalates	MMP	Exposure subgroup	Specific chemical exposure	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Unspecified	z-score	0.02	-0.06	0.11	Unspecified	Unspecified	Unspecified
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MMP	Main analysis		Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.043	-0.03	0.116	Unspecified	5	2458
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MMP	Age subgroup	Adolescents	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.021	-0.072	0.114	Unspecified	2	Unspecified
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MMP	Age subgroup	Adults	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.054	-0.055	0.163	Unspecified	3	Unspecified
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MiBP	Main analysis		Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.199	-0.022	0.419	Unspecified	7	8705
Song et al., (2016)	PCBs	Total PCBs	Health outcome subgroup	Sub-health outcome	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Serum	MD	-2.05	-4.65	0.56	Highest vs lowest	3	933
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	sumLMWP	Main analysis		Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	-0.01	-0.136	0.115	Unspecified	2	1122
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	sumLMWP	Age subgroup	Adolescents	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	-0.01	-0.136	0.115	Unspecified	2	Unspecified
Song et al., (2016)	Bisphenols	BPA	Health outcome subgroup	Sub-health outcome	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	MD	0.8	0.36	1.25	Highest vs lowest	4	6520
Shoshtari-Yeganeh et al., (2019)	Phthalates	MBzP	Exposure subgroup	Specific chemical exposure	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Unspecified	z-score	0.05	0.01	0.1	Unspecified	Unspecified	Unspecified
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MBzP	Main analysis		Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.156	0.021	0.291	Unspecified	8	10466
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MBzP	Age subgroup	Adolescents	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.093	0.056	0.13	Unspecified	4	Unspecified
Shoshtari-Yeganeh et al., (2019)	Phthalates	MCPP	Exposure subgroup	Specific chemical exposure	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Unspecified	z-score	0.15	0.03	0.28	Unspecified	Unspecified	Unspecified
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MCPP	Main analysis		Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.144	0.044	0.244	Unspecified	7	8715
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MCPP	Age subgroup	Adults	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.08	0.046	0.114	Unspecified	3	Unspecified
Shoshtari-Yeganeh et al., (2019)	Phthalates	MECPP	Exposure subgroup	Specific chemical exposure	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Unspecified	z-score	0.16	0.05	0.27	Unspecified	Unspecified	Unspecified
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MECPP	Age subgroup	Adolescents	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.162	0.054	0.269	Unspecified	2	Unspecified
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MEHHP	Main analysis		Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.234	0.037	0.431	Unspecified	6	5785
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MEHHP	Age subgroup	Adolescents	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.147	0.035	0.259	Unspecified	3	Unspecified
Shoshtari-Yeganeh et al., (2019)	Phthalates	MEHP	Exposure subgroup	Specific chemical exposure	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Unspecified	z-score	0.08	0.03	0.12	Unspecified	Unspecified	Unspecified
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MEHP	Main analysis		Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.119	0.046	0.192	Unspecified	9	7587
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MEHP	Age subgroup	Adolescents	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.1	0.052	0.149	Unspecified	4	Unspecified
Shoshtari-Yeganeh et al., (2019)	Phthalates	MEOHP	Exposure subgroup	Specific chemical exposure	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Unspecified	z-score	0.1	0.01	0.19	Unspecified	Unspecified	Unspecified
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MEOHP	Main analysis		Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.119	0.054	0.183	Unspecified	7	6271
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MEOHP	Age subgroup	Adolescents	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.13	0.037	0.222	Unspecified	4	Unspecified
Shoshtari-Yeganeh et al., (2019)	Phthalates	MiBP	Exposure subgroup	Specific chemical exposure	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Unspecified	z-score	0.1	0.03	0.17	Unspecified	Unspecified	Unspecified
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MiBP	Age subgroup	Adolescents	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.146	0.029	0.263	Unspecified	2	Unspecified
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MiBP	Age subgroup	Adults	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.108	0.035	0.18	Unspecified	4	Unspecified
Shoshtari-Yeganeh et al., (2019)	Phthalates	MnBP	Exposure subgroup	Specific chemical exposure	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Unspecified	z-score	0.13	0.06	0.2	Unspecified	Unspecified	Unspecified
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MnBP	Main analysis		Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.139	0.058	0.219	Unspecified	11	11171
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MnBP	Age subgroup	Adolescents	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.139	0.058	0.219	Unspecified	5	Unspecified
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	MnBP	Age subgroup	Adults	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.135	0.091	0.179	Unspecified	5	Unspecified
Song et al., (2016)	Phthalates	Total Phthalates	Health outcome subgroup	Sub-health outcome	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	MD	0.71	0.3	1.12	Highest vs lowest	4	5369
Shoshtari-Yeganeh et al., (2019)	Phthalates	sumDEHP	Exposure subgroup	Specific chemical exposure	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Unspecified	z-score	0.26	0.15	0.38	Unspecified	Unspecified	Unspecified
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	sumDEHP	Main analysis		Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.331	0.011	0.651	Unspecified	7	8903
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	sumDEHP	Age subgroup	Adolescents	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.221	0.009	0.433	Unspecified	2	Unspecified
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	sumDEHP	Age subgroup	Adults	Both	Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.242	0.144	0.34	Unspecified	4	Unspecified
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	sumHMWP	Main analysis		Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.343	0.125	0.562	Unspecified	3	1163
Gao et al., (2021)	Phthalates	sumHMWP	Age subgroup	Adolescents	Both	Child (up to 18yrs)_Adult (18yrs and up)	No - General population	Postnatal	Urine	correlation coef.	0.343	0.125	0.562	Unspecified	3	Unspecified

Selected Data Summary

Harvest plots are used to visualize the effect of exposure to plastic chemicals on health outcomes. Health outcomes are shown in the title on top, plastic chemicals are shown on the x-axis and are grouped into 5 categories:

Bisphenols

Phthalates

Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

Each bar represents the results from an individual meta-analysis. The height of the bar represents the quality score of the review assessed using the AMSTAR tool. Low quality reflects a score of 1-5, medium of 6-8, and high of 9-11. Bars have been assigned as an increase or decrease (columns) in the measure where the change is statistically significant. Remaining bars appearing under ‘no change’ indicate direction of effect as an increase (>), no clear trend (-) (the estimate of relative risk was 1 or regression coefficient or mean difference was 0), or decrease (<) in the measure. Hover over each bar for additional information on the publication source and quantitative findings. Click on “Show data” for additional information for each meta-analysis, including the link to the source publication.

Figures and Data (best viewed on desktop)

Cardiovascular disease

Obesity

Type 2 Diabetes

Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)

Health Outcome/Disease

Chemical

Selected Data Summary

Figures and Data